Peptide Therapy

BPC-157 is a penta-decapeptide composed of 15 amino acids. It is a partial sequence of the body protection compound (BPC) that was discovered in and isolated from human gastric juice. Animal studies have shown it to accelerate the healing of many different wounds, including muscle, tendon and damaged ligaments. Additionally, BPC 157 has shown to protect organs and aids in the prevention of gastric ulcers. BPC-157 acts systemically in the digestive tract to combat leaky gut, IBS, gastro-intestinal cramps, and Crohn’s disease. This peptide has been known to exhibit analgesic characteristics. Research has shown its ability to help skin burns heal at a faster rate by increasing blood flow to damaged tissues. BPC-157 significantly accelerates reticulin and collagen formation as well as angiogenesis together with stimulation of macrophages and fibroblasts infiltration representing a potential therapeutic tool in wound healing management.

BPC-157 is a penta-decapeptide composed of 15 amino acids. It is a partial sequence of the body protection compound (BPC) that was discovered in and isolated from human gastric juice. Animal studies have shown it to accelerate the healing of many different wounds, including muscle, tendon and damaged ligaments. Additionally, BPC 157 has shown to protect organs and aids in the prevention of gastric ulcers. BPC-157 acts systemically in the digestive tract to combat leaky gut, IBS, gastro-intestinal cramps, and Crohn’s disease. This peptide has been known to exhibit analgesic characteristics. Research has shown its ability to help skin burns heal at a faster rate by increasing blood flow to damaged tissues. BPC-157 significantly accelerates reticulin and collagen formation as well as angiogenesis together with stimulation of macrophages and fibroblasts infiltration representing a potential therapeutic tool in wound healing management.

TB-500 is a peptide derived from the naturally occurring protein Thymosin Beta-4, renowned for its potential regenerative properties, particularly in promoting tissue repair and facilitating the wound healing process across various areas of the body. Research has investigated TB-500's therapeutic applications in muscle injury recovery, joint health, and overall tissue regeneration, primarily by enhancing the formation of new blood vessels. Many users have reported reduced recovery times and improved mobility when incorporating TB-500 into their treatment regimens. Although further research is warranted, there is optimism regarding its potential approval by regulatory agencies for the treatment of medical conditions such as arthritis, spinal cord injuries, and neurodegenerative diseases.

DSIP / Delta-Sleep-Inducing Peptide is a neuropeptide that effects a number of endocrine and physiological processes within the central nervous system. DSIP is of primary interest for its abilities to reduce oxidative stress, normalize myocardial contractility. It is also being studied as a potential target in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Studies indicate it can reduce pain, reduces stress and could be beneficial to individuals with low testosterone levels.

GHK-Cu is a natural peptide in human blood plasma, urine, and saliva. Research in animals reveals that GHK-Cu can improve wound healing, immune function, and skin health by stimulating collagen, fibroblasts and promoting blood vessel growth. There has been evidence that has shown that it acts as a feedback signal that is generated after tissue injury. It also suppresses free-radical damage and thus is a potent antioxidant.

Gonadorelin is a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist that has shown benefit in the treatment of infertility and hypogonadism. Recent research suggests that gonadorelin may be useful in slowing the growth of breast and prostate cancer. Studies also show promise in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.

Gonadorelin can increase your sexual health and performance. Supporting your body with gonadorelin may cause you to have a clearer mind, focus and improved mood. Gonadorelin can work with testosterone levels to reduce depressive symptoms including apathy and lethargy. As gonadorelin works, you will notice your sleep quality improving as your hormones begin to balance. You can feel less restless at night and more alert throughout the day.

Ipamorelin is a pentapeptide, meaning that its structure is comprised of five amino acids. It is a GH secretagogue, and is considered to be an agonist, meaning that it possesses the ability to bind certain receptors of a cell and provokes a cellular response.

Evidence suggests that growth hormone (GH) and secretagogues like ipamorelin may mitigate the muscle catabolism caused by glucocorticoids. Research indicates that ipamorelin reduces nitrogen wasting in the liver and improves nitrogen balance. Since muscle wasting is a major side effect of glucocorticoids, ipamorelin could significantly benefit patients needing glucocorticoid treatment by counteracting muscle loss and bone-density reduction.

Kisspeptin-10 is a hormone regulator vital for sexual reproduction, influencing testosterone levels and sex-related behaviors like drive and motivation. Research indicates it may also help slow or reverse aging. Low kisspeptin levels can lead to infertility in both sexes, with significant hormonal disruptions, particularly in females. Studies show that fertile men have higher kisspeptin levels than those with low sperm counts. Additionally, kisspeptin aids in regulating testosterone, FSH, and LH levels. Receptive nerve cells for kisspeptin are found in the amygdala, which manages sexual and emotional behaviors.

Melanotan-2 (MT-2) is a synthetic derivative of human alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), developed at the University of Arizona in the 1980s. The initial purpose was to create a sunless tanning alternative, inspired by α-MSH's ability to induce sexual arousal and skin darkening. However, as research progressed, MT-2's diverse effects were unveiled. These include enhancing sexual arousal, promoting skin pigmentation, reducing compulsive behavior, managing addiction, suppressing hunger, decreasing glucagon production, and even potentially reversing certain features associated with autism.

Melanotan-2 (MT-2) is a synthetic derivative of human alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), developed at the University of Arizona in the 1980s. The initial purpose was to create a sunless tanning alternative, inspired by α-MSH's ability to induce sexual arousal and skin darkening. However, as research progressed, MT-2's diverse effects were unveiled. These include enhancing sexual arousal, promoting skin pigmentation, reducing compulsive behavior, managing addiction, suppressing hunger, decreasing glucagon production, and even potentially reversing certain features associated with autism.

PT-141 known clinically as Bremelanotide, is a significantly modified synthetic derivative of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. This compound has undergone clinical trials as a treatment for both male and female hypoactive sexual desire disorder, as well as for acute hemorrhage. PT-141 acts as an agonist for the melanocortin-4 and melanocortin-1 receptors. Research indicates that it enhances sexual arousal and stimulates the immune system.

MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) crucial for regulating cellular metabolism. It modulates energy balance by influencing glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and stress responses. Translocating to the nucleus, MOTS-c affects gene expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism, especially during metabolic stress. Research indicates it can enhance exercise capacity and reduce obesity, insulin resistance, osteoporosis, and other metabolic and age-related diseases.

Selank, a synthetic analogue of tuftsin, enhances mood and stabilizes emotions without sedation, improving cognition and mental clarity. It aids individuals with anhedonia, often linked to opioid use, and reduces various forms of anxiety, enhancing focus. N-Acetyl Selank Amidate improves Selank's potency, half-life, and absorption, amplifying its effects. Animal studies suggest it protects the central nervous system from disease and trauma, alleviates anxiety, and enhances learning and memory retention.

N-Acetyl Semax has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in various animal models of brain injury, including ischemic stroke. The exact mechanisms underlying its neuroprotective effects are not fully understood, but some studies suggest that Semax may modulate the expression of genes involved in the immune response and neurotransmitter systems.

Oxytocin is best thought of as one protein with two separate natural functions. First, it is a neuropeptide released by the hypothalamus to play important roles in bonding, sexual reproduction, and childbirth. Oxytocin is also a standard blood borne hormone, however, one that is produced by the placenta of pregnant women and that has effects on childbirth, milk production, and bonding with newborns. In men, a small amount of oxytocin is produced in the testes to play a role in mating behavior and pair bonding.

Research on oxytocin has revealed it to play roles in:

• milk ejection/lactation

• uterine contraction during childbirth

• lowering blood pressure

• changing neuron function

• social bonding

• fear and anxiety

• mood

• wounds

PE-22-28 is an artfully crafted synthetic derivative of the naturally occurring peptide spadin, revered for its potent binding affinity to the TREK-1 channel.

This potassium channel resides within the mystical realms of the brain, where it influences the delicate balances of mood, memory, and the art of learning. Current inquiries delve into the promising realms of PE-22-28, investigating its potential as an antidepressant, its ability to enhance learning, its role in stroke recovery, and its efficacy in combating neurodegenerative maladies like Alzheimer’s.

Research in depression indicates that PE-22-28 is more effective in reversing the symptoms of depression than any currently used treatment and that it does so with fewer side effects. In fact, PE-22-28 has been shown to relieve depression in just 4 days without producing any side effects on other functions that are controlled by the TREK-1 channel.

There is strong evidence to show that the hippocampus is smaller (of reduced volume) in patients suffering from depressive disorder and other affect disorders. Additionally, research has shown that long-term administration of classic antidepressants (5-HT or norepinephrine selective reuptake inhibitors) boosts neurogenesis in the adult rodent hippocampus and leads to increased hippocampus volume. The ability of PE-22-28 to reverse this loss of volume by stimulating neurogenesis indicates that it is fighting depression at its source and that it may help to uncover some of the underlying physiologic pathways that are deficient in the setting of depression

Pinealon is a synthetic peptide just three amino acids in length. It has been shown to modify behavior and protect a number of cell types against the effects of hypoxia. It has undergone extensive research for its ability to alter circadian rhythm, improve memory, and enhance learning. It has been shown to offset the effects of aging, particularly in the central nervous system, and may be useful in treating cognitive disorders like Alzheimer’s disease.

Research in cultures of brain cortex cells indicate that pinealon can boost expression of 5-tryptophan hydroxylase via epigenetic changes. 5-tryptophan hydroxylase is critical to the production and secretion of serotonin, a peptide known to have neuroprotective and geroprotective. It is also the signaling molecule most often targeted by anti-depressive drugs called selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs have a number of side effects, however, and the ability to boost serotonin production organically could offer a means of fighting depression that is more physiologic and thus reduce side effects.

PT-141 known clinically as Bremelanotide, is a significantly modified synthetic derivative of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. This compound has undergone clinical trials as a treatment for both male and female hypoactive sexual desire disorder, as well as for acute hemorrhage. PT-141 acts as an agonist for the melanocortin-4 and melanocortin-1 receptors. Research indicates that it enhances sexual arousal and stimulates the immune system.

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a 28-amino acid peptide identified in 1970, part of the secretin/glucagon hormone superfamily, with significant effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Key points include:

VIP regulates various GI functions, including gastric acid secretion, intestinal anion secretion, pancreatic enzyme release, motility, vasodilation, and contractility. A 2019 study highlighted its influence on nutrient absorption, gut motility, glycemic control, carcinogenesis, immune responses, and circadian rhythms.

It maintains colonic epithelial barrier integrity and promotes repair during colitis, as shown in a 2024 study. VIP deficiency alters gut microbiota and increases susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, indicating its importance for GI health.

VIP also controls smooth muscle tone, motility, blood flow, and secretion in the digestive tract, with a 2023 study demonstrating that small intestinal motility is influenced by the microbiome via VIP modulation.

VIP is a diverse neuropeptide with significant physiological implications.

It influences gastrointestinal processes like nutrient absorption and gut motility and may help treat diabetes and cancer.

VIP is present in the central nervous system, indicating its role in neurobiology and mental health, as well as potential in treating inflammatory diseases.

Its involvement in the endocrine system and pituitary function is noted, and research is ongoing regarding its role in neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's and Autism Spectrum Disorders.

VIP (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide) has neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease, aiding learning and memory. A 1996 study showed a lipophilic VIP analogue provided neuroprotection in related models. In Parkinson's disease, VIP reduces neuroinflammation and supports dopaminergic neuron survival; a 2021 study noted lower serum VIP levels in patients compared to healthy controls, with mood disorders correlating with these levels. Additionally, alterations in VIP are linked to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), indicating its potential for future pharmacotherapy exploration.